Past Unreal Conditional Form Examples

The past unreal conditional form, also known as the third conditional or conditional 3, is used to express imagined situations that would have happened differently under other hypothetical circumstances. This conditional talks about a fictitious past, hence the term unreal conditional, by altering one aspect of a scenario to change its outcome. Teachers should use this guide for teaching conditionals to introduce and practice the first and second conditional forms before discussing the third conditional as it is one of the most difficult forms to learn. Once students are comfortable with the more simple first and second conditionals, you can teach the past unreal conditional as follows. Past Unreal Conditional Sentences in the third conditional contain two clauses: a main clause or if clause and a conditional independent clause or would have clause. The outcome of the conditional clause is determined by the occurrences of the main clause, but both clauses are grammatically independent of each other. Because of this, the order of the two clauses does not matter. Within each independent clause of a past unreal conditional, there are past tense verbs that can either be positive or negative (depending on whether the situation expressed is something that would have or would not have happened under different circumstances). The if clause of a past unreal conditional sentence contains a past perfect verb and the would have clause contains a conditional perfect verb. The two past unreal conditional sentence structures are: If subject past perfect verb object[s], subject conditional perfect verb object[s].Subject conditional perfect verb object[s] if subject past perfect verb object[s]. The only difference between the two structures is the order of the clauses and the necessary comma before the second clause in sentences beginning with a would have expression. The following example sentences show the past unreal conditional clause. If he had finished his work on time, we would have been able to play another round of golf yesterday.They could have had a better day if it hadnt rained the whole time they were at the beach.If the meeting had been successful, we might have become partners with Smith and Co.Jane would have agreed to marry Tom if he had asked her. Past Unreal Conditional With Wish The past unreal conditional is often used specifically to communicate an imagined, desirable result. More often than not, the scenario expressed in a past unreal conditional statement is preferable to reality. Wish (in the present tense) can be added to a sentence in the third conditional to express a more ideal result and past perfect verbs, again either positive or negative, accompany the subject of these sentences. The past unreal conditional sentence structure with wish is: Subject wish[es] subject past perfect verb object[s]. Examples: I wish Id had more time to study when I was younger.She wishes she had been promoted to CEO.They wish that they had had the foresight to order their food sooner. Worksheet 1 Conjugate the base verb in parentheses in the correct tense for the third conditional. If they _____ (have) the time, they would have attended the meeting.Jason _____ (recognize) the winner if he had been able to see them.If I _____ (know) his name, I would have said hello.If the president had been informed in time of the changes, he _____ (make) a different decision.If Mary _____ (try) again, she would have been successful.The children wouldnt have been so upset if they _____ (give, use passive voice) the candy.If Jerry _____ (spend) more money on the repair work, the car would have driven better.We _____ (believe) them if they had told us the whole story.She would have finished the report on time if she _____ (know) all the facts beforehand.We would not _____ (go) on vacation if we hadnt found that rental house for a great price. Worksheet 2 Conjugate the base verb in parentheses in the correct tense for the third conditional. She _____ (wish) she had known about the problems.If they _____ (ask) the right questions, they _____ (receive) the right answers.She wouldnt have been allowed to speak if she _____ (disagree) with his point of view.I know they _____ (wish) they had thought twice before doing that.We wish we _____ (know) about those people.Alice wouldnt _____ (speak) to him if she had known what he was going to say.They wouldnt have taken her hard work for granted if she _____ (ask) them to help her prepare dinner.She wishes she _____ (apply) for the bank position when it was still open.If I _____ (invest) in Apple years ago, I would have become a millionaire!Oliver would _____ (know) the answer if you had asked him. Worksheet 1 Answers Conjugate the base verb in parentheses in the correct tense for the third conditional. If they had had the time, they would have attended the meeting.Jason would have recognized the winner if he had been able to see them.If I had known his name, I would have said hello.If the president had been informed in time of the changes, he would have made a different decision.If Mary had tried again, she would have been successful.The children wouldnt have been so upset if they had been given the candy.If Jerry had spent more money on the repair work, the car would have driven better.We would have believed them if they had told us the whole story.She would have finished the report on time if she had known all the facts beforehand.We would not have gone on vacation if we hadnt found that rental house for a great price. Worksheet 2 Answers Conjugate the base verb in parentheses in the correct tense for the third conditional. She wishes she had known about the problems.If they had asked the right questions, they would have received the right answers.She wouldnt have been allowed to speak if she had disagreed with his point of view.I know they wish they had thought twice before doing that.We wish we had known about those people.Alice wouldnt have spoken to him if she had known what he was going to say.They wouldnt have taken her hard work for granted if she had asked them to help her prepare dinner.She wishes she had applied for the bank position when it was still open.If I had invested in Apple years ago, I would have become a millionaire!Oliver would have known the answer if you had asked him.

Fundamentals of Business System Development - 2426 Words

Fundamentals of Business Systems Development Human Resource Refigure ration Theron A. Wilson December 12, 2007 University of Phoenix BSA/375 Chloris Wright Riordan Manufacturers are looking for the redesigning of their Human Resource department. This will involve the transferring of their legacy system into a more advance human resource networking system. The company is asking for a proposal that will describe the techniques that will be used in order to gather the information that will be needed for the transformation. Also, the proposal will give a detail analysis that will be included in the design methods that will be involve in the configuration of the new system. Within the proposal, there will be a listing of the key factors†¦show more content†¦Once the questionnaires have been evaluated, the team will proceed with determining what will be needed with the H R department. Once this part of the plan has been executed, the team will developed a proposal to present to Riordan Manufacturing. Once the previous steps has been initiated, there would be a meeting with the corporation is in order to determine the budget for the needed recommendations as well as to determine the length of time the corporation is requiring for the team to be able to finish the proposed upgrades. This is crucial because this will determine the set budget that the team will be obligated to use during the transformation; in which the proposed budget for this operation is set at $150,000. The proposed time will set at three months. The next step is the documenting of the project plan at this stage of project development will help team members adhere to the established strategy, schedule, budget, and definition of quality during the course of a project. The records will reflect the project overview. Within the project overview, there will be a detail description of the project scope and technical information. Then the team will record the project s strategy, schedule, budget, quality definition, and compile the information into a management plan that will be distribute amongst the team member. Once the previous stages of the cycle have been met, the team will decide if the scope of the project, and in conjunction with theShow MoreRelatedEssay on MBA detail course outline1314 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Methods †¢ Research Methods †¢ Research Methods †¢ Organization Theory †¢ Organization Theory †¢ Financial Accounting †¢ Financial Accounting †¢ Project Management Fundamentals 2nd Quarter †¢ Project Management Fundamentals †¢ Project Management Fundamentals †¢ Project Management Fundamentals 4th Quarter †¢ Organizational Behavior – I †¢ Organizational Behavior – I †¢ Organizational Behavior – I †¢ Organizational Behavior – I †¢ Leadership †¢ Leadership Read MoreDetailed Design Process1733 Words   |  7 PagesTradeoff Approach Though an ultimate and extravagant system is desired for Kudler Fine Foods’ Frequent Shopper Program, it is likely that some tradeoffs will have to be made to ensure that the project remains feasible for the company. 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Aboriginals the Mistreated Minorites of Canada Free Essays

Aboriginal people are very passionate about their culture and traditions and believe that they are an important part of Canada’s past. Although their customs shaped Canada into a great nation, they are slowly fading into the background while competing with the French and English cultures. â€Å"Such an understanding gives no consideration to the presence and role of Aboriginal groups throughout history. We will write a custom essay sample on Aboriginals: the Mistreated Minorites of Canada or any similar topic only for you Order Now † First Nation’s people do not receive a just amount of respect and equality in terms of their rights for land and freedom. Over the past century there have been several brutal protests that promote a negative, violent appearance towards all Aboriginals. In order to advance within society and claim land that is rightfully theirs, Natives have had to resort to planning court dates, forming petitions and writing threatening letters to the government. The Canadian government found ways to deceive the Aboriginals and get through loopholes to avoid granting reasonable wishes and staying true to their agreement. It is obvious that this Aboriginal versus government battle has been going on for far too long and it is an unfair challenge to the virtually helpless group of minorities. Throughout Canadian history Aboriginals have been judged for the way that they try to get recognition within society. Many citizens feel as if the Natives of Canada are violent and do not know how to control their actions. What people fail to see is that these bands are just mirroring the way they are being treated. Aboriginal groups have objected to uses of the environment by non-Aboriginal groups. † One of the most publicized protests in Aboriginal-government relations was the Oka crisis in 1990. The Mohawks of Quebec erected roadblocks to stop the construction of a golf course on disputed land, barricaded pathways to halt the movement of government vehicles, and got physical with some of the officers on patrol. After an 11 week stand-off the protestors were arrested and the Aboriginals could not retaliate. Finally, after 56 years of land disputation an agreement-in-principle was signed returning the land to the band. The government promised that the Aboriginals would receive land that was rightfully theirs and would not be disrupted again. This battle between the government and Aboriginals gives the impression that violent and inhumane behaviour is only coming from the Aboriginals, however the media fails to show the government retaliation. It is unjust to blame all of the violence on the Natives because both parties added problems to the situation. One of the first land claim agreements that acted as a stepping stone for other land claims that followed was the James Bay Treaty. Due to the fact that â€Å"the deal was controversial from the start† there were many signatories to make the treaty official. The agreement was shaped by Hydro-Quebec who wanted to ensure that they would make a profit from the Aboriginal people’s land. This land claim was negotiated under a great deal of pressure with numerous court days and lawyers present at every meeting between the groups. The Natives often thought that they were being taken advantage of and that they should not have to give up any of their land at all. â€Å"The Natives wrote letters to the Department of National Defence, organized joint actions with rural peoples and Aboriginal groups in the U. S. and Europe, met with European government representatives, held news conferences, and participated in demonstrations. † In order to join the community together, and peacefully riot against the government’s decisions, many petitions were signed by both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal members within society. The negotiation ended after about a year due to the pressure from the Cree and Inuit to receive a just amount of benefits. In the end the Aboriginals received great care and all that was promised after the negotiation but felt as if they should not have had to work so hard to get what they deserved. Legal action had to be taken in order for the Natives to voice their opinions about their land. The Canadian government has always found loopholes and ways around subjects that they do not want to deal with or talk about. When they were approached by the Nisga’a way back in 1890 they brushed them off and told them that as long as they did not get in the way of development, their communities would go unharmed. â€Å"Aboriginal people maintained only certain hunting and trapping rights on the land. † The people of this group wanted to have a self-governed community and felt that they should have the authority to make decisions that would better their standards of living. Their first attempt at approaching the provincial government in 1927 was declined due to the fact that a law was in place prohibiting Indians to advance land claims. Finally in 1973 the Canadian government overruled the laws that were set and began to negotiate with the First Nation’s people in 1976. â€Å"Aboriginal peoples argued that their right to self-government existed because their societies historically had been organized and self-ruling. † The Aboriginals were given the freedom that they wanted and were granted permission for a self-governed community however many restrictions and by-laws were put in place to keep these people under control. The Nisga’a people are now living happily while still trying to work out some quirks on balancing the provincial and federal regulations with those of the self-government. The Aboriginal people of Canada have undergone a great deal of mistreatment from the government over the past century and it should not have to continue. Although rules have been made to ensure that this group of minorities receives proper treatment from society, many are faced with the challenge of racism and segregation from the rest of Canadians. Canada is considered a bilingual country with both French and English as its official languages. Maybe it is time that this country realizes that it was built by another culture too. Aboriginal awareness is not a subject that is touched upon in school and it would be very helpful if the government paid respect to the First Nations people. Aboriginals are equal and deserve the same respect and attention that the rest of Canada receives from the government on a day to day basis. How to cite Aboriginals: the Mistreated Minorites of Canada, Papers

Corporate Entrepreneurship and Marketing System

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Entrepreneurship and Marketing System. Answer: Introduction: Social entrepreneurship can be considered as the systematic technique based on which a particular start up organization tends to develop funds for resolving the social, cultural and environmental issues. This particular study has provided deep insight on how the concerned business experts have to face innumerable difficulties while making an effective social entrepreneur in the current market. This specific study is based on the case study of Dr. Sam Prince. This particular individual being a doctor by profession intends to form a restaurant in order to supply food to the children in school and to provide job opportunity to those persons who needs dependence for earning bread and butter. Analysis of entrepreneur traits: After evaluating the case study of Dr. Sam Prince it has been observed that social entrepreneur is possessed with some of the major traits and characteristics, which are as follows: The primary characteristics of social entrepreneurship are to resolve the social and environmental issues. From the case study, it has been observed that Dr. Sam Prince is by profession a doctor who aims to start a restaurant in order to create a job opportunity for the people of backward society. This particular organization after launching the restaurant has provided job opportunity to 170 staffs that are coming from backward class of society. In the current scenario, it has been observed that a large number of people are unable to maintain their bread their butter in their daily life (Ratten 2013). Therefore, this particular restaurant has helped large number of children by serving foods. Therefore, social entrepreneurship is very much successful to resolve social environmental issues. Mitigate risk factors and evaluate the alternative strategies The key characteristic of social entrepreneurship is to resolve the risk factors by implementing alternative strategies and policies. From the case study, it has been observed that Dr. Sam Prince is very much courageous to launch 30 restaurants more in the market of Australia. In order to maintain a balance of 30 restaurants, the business experts have to focus on some of the major factors among which the factor of economy is one of the most prominent. In order to mitigate the risk factor Dr. Sam Prince has decided to implement one new strategy. In order to run 30 restaurants with equal recognition and image, the businessperson has decided to include product diversity at the workplace (Barrett and Weinstein 2015). As a result, customers of different cultural backgrounds would like to purchase foods and services. Therefore, automatically the range of target market would be high. Social entrepreneurship is possessed with several mission and vision. The primary mission of social entrepreneurship is to resolve the issues of society rather than thinking organizational profit making. The primary purpose of launching restaurant for Dr. Sam Prince was to help the schoolchildren by providing foods and services. The profit making plans and the growth of revenue rate was not the actual vision of Social entrepreneurship. On the other hand, by recruiting 170 staff members Dr. Sam Prince has provided ample scope of job opportunity based on which people from different cultural backgrounds got the scope to earn money by applying their skills and competency (Barringer 2012). On one hand, resolving this kind of social issues is one of the most effective ways to gain organizational image and reputation. On the other hand, people get benefits and facilities form the establishment of new business process founded by Dr. Sam Prince. Focus on the customers and employees needs and demands rather than organizational profits: While establishing the entire business process, Dr. Sam Prince primarily wanted to help the society rather than make a successful revenue growth. From the above-mentioned case study, it has been observed that people the primary purpose of founding the entrepreneurship is nothing but helping the society by providing job opportunities (Bettiol, Di Maria and Finotto 2012). Dr. Sam Prince while launching the entire process of business knows very well about the risk factors of establishing restaurants in the market of Australia. Despite the issues, this particular organization has started entrepreneurship in order to stand beside society people (Griskevicius et al. 2012). Therefore, the primary trait of social entrepreneurship is to fulfill the needs and demands of customers rather than thinking about profit making. Challenges in social entrepreneur: Economic barrier is one of the most effective factors without which a business organization fails to run its service process effectively. While launching a new business process entrepreneurs do not have sufficient internal financial resources based on which the organization can establish their business (Sullivan Mort, Weerawardena and Liesch 2012). Therefore, financial barrier is one of the most important factors due to which people like Dr. Sam Prince have to face innumerable difficulties in running their business organization in the market of Australia. While making an entrepreneurship, the business experts have to take a risk while launching new products and services. At the time of launching new products, customers may not accept the products that have been launched. For an example, while opening restaurants, Dr. Sam Prince may have to face issue regarding the quality of food as well as services (Lerner, Leamon and Hardymon 2012). Therefore, business experts have to maintain product diversity at the workplace. If the customers show their reluctance in one particular product the service providers can service alternative option to the customers for fulfilling customers needs and demands. Implementing alternative strategy: In order to implement alternative strategy, the social entrepreneurs have to get a control over the monitory process (Lam and Harker 2013). With the help of limited number of capital, business organizations would not be able to implement alternative strategy at the workplace. Therefore, economic barrier is the primary issue due to which people fail to implement alternative strategy for avoiding risk factors (Nakara, Benmoussa and Jaouen 2012). However, this particular case study while implementing new strategy of establishing restaurants in the market of Australia has decided to focus on product diversity as well. As a result, the target customers have become huge in range. People from different geographical corners had showed their interest to purchase the products and services of those restaurants. The concept of social entrepreneurship implies that organization should primarily focus on resolving social and environmental issues. Therefore, business organizations cannot get the scope to make an effective profit making structure (Sol 2013). For an example, the business expert such as Dr. Sam Prince while establishing a new restaurant in Australia has decided to help the schoolchildren by delivering foods rather than thinking about effective revenue growth. Conclusion: The entire study has provided a deep understanding and knowledge about the impact of social entrepreneur in resolving the issues of cultural and environmental aspects. An effective case study has been made based on the methods of social entrepreneur followed by Dr. Sam Prince. However, the primary purpose of implementing social entrepreneur is not to start a new process of business but to stand beside those people who are backward both socially and economically. Reference List: Barrett, H. and Weinstein, A., 2015. Corporate entrepreneurship, the marketing mix, and business performance. InProceedings of the 1997 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 144-150). Springer International Publishing. Barringer, B., 2012.Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching New Ventures, (2012). Bettiol, M., Di Maria, E. and Finotto, V., 2012. Marketing in SMEs: the role of entrepreneurial sensemaking.International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,8(2), pp.223-248. Griskevicius, V., Cant, S.M. and Vugt, M.V., 2012. The evolutionary bases for sustainable behavior: Implications for marketing, policy, and social entrepreneurship.Journal of Public Policy Marketing,31(1), pp.115-128. Lam, W. and Harker, M.J., 2013. Marketing and entrepreneurship: An integrated view from the entrepreneur's perspective.International Small Business Journal, p.0266242613496443. Lerner, J., Leamon, A. and Hardymon, F., 2012. Venture capital, private equity, and the financing of entrepreneurship.Wiley. Nakara, W.A., Benmoussa, F.Z. and Jaouen, A., 2012. Entrepreneurship and social media marketing: evidence from French small business.International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business,16(4), pp.386-405. Ratten, V., 2013. Cloud computing: A social cognitive perspective of ethics, entrepreneurship, technology marketing, computer self-efficacy and outcome expectancy on behavioural intentions.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),21(3), pp.137-146. Sol, M., 2013. Entrepreneurial marketing: conceptual exploration and link to performance.Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship,15(1), pp.23-38. Sullivan Mort, G., Weerawardena, J. and Liesch, P., 2012. Advancing entrepreneurial marketing: Evidence from born global firms.European Journal of Marketing,46(3/4), pp.542-561.

Social Structures and Perceptions in Kuwait

Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Literature review Evidence and Analysis Discussions Conclusions Reference List Abstract This paper describes the regional stereotypes attached to the people of Kuwait. It, therefore, looks at the misconceptions and opinions associated with the Kuwaiti nationals and the Arab world. The introduction gives a summary of the main points.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Structures and Perceptions in Kuwait specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Literature review, then, summarizes other scholar’s articles and researches related to these stereotypes. The evidence and analysis part, on the other hand, provides information that dispels these stereotypes. Thereafter, the discussion explains the final thoughts on these stereotypes. Finally, the conclusion provides a short summary of the whole paper. Introduction Culture is a set of ideals, attitudes and routines that define a particular group of people (Andriyenko 2010). Therefore, culture refers to the norms learned from people’s values, attitudes and believes. Different cultural experiences help us in making sense of the world. Culture, hence, shapes our communication, work and interactions. Failure to recognize the different cultures within a country or the world leads to stereotypes. â€Å"Stereotyping involves a form of categorization that organizes our experience and guides our behavior towards ethnic and national groups† (Adler 1993, p.5). Additionally, stereotypes describe the behaviors of a group of people rather than individuals. A number of stereotypes are associated with Kuwait. Most of these stereotypes affect Kuwaiti nationals and the local commercial environment negatively. This paper describes the regional stereotypes attached to the people of Kuwait. Literature review According to Al-Shammari (n.d.), Kuwait is a victim of major stereotypes associated with the Arab world. To start with, most people believe that Kuwait is a desert. Some foreigners go to the extent of stating that there are thousands of camels roaming around Kuwait. In addition, 10% of the world’s oil reserves are found in Kuwait (Al-Shammari n.d.). For that reason, there is a misconception that all Kuwaiti nationals are rich. It is presumed that every Kuwaiti has acres of oil fields. Furthermore, these fields are later sold to the government for millions of dollars. Tessler (2003) states that culture and religion are some of the causes of international conflicts. Furthermore, most people in the west relate terrorism to Muslims and their culture.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, it is widely expected that there are hundreds of Arabs with machine guns on the streets of Kuwait. Another misconception is that the Arab world in uncivilized (Ardisson 1998). For that rea son, Kuwait is expected to have low literacy levels and old towns and cities. An additional stereotype associated with Kuwait and other Arab countries is that women have no rights whatsoever. Evidence and Analysis Contrary to many people’s opinion, Kuwait is not a desert. According to Al-Shammari (n.d.), Kuwait is one of the Gulf countries. For that reason, its cultural heritage is derived from the sea. For instance, Kuwait’s citizens have a long history in diving for pearls and sailing. Interestingly, only 40% of Kuwaitis have seen a desert in their whole lives (Al-Shammari n.d.). Al-Shammari (n.d.) adds that not all Kuwaiti nationals are rich. Their flamboyant lifestyles make them look wealthy. However, some of them are in debt (Al-Shammari n.d.). In his study, Tessler (2003) found out that there is no correlation between the Muslim faith and attitudes towards war and democracy. Therefore, there is no relationship between Islam and terrorism or Islam and oppressive l eadership. These are mere stereotypes or misconceptions. It is, thus, very difficult to encounter a violent incident in Kuwait. The Arab world is also highly civilized. Accordingly, Kuwait is highly developed. One of the unique features of Arab civilization is the mingling of ancient and modern cities (Ardisson 1998). Therefore, there is an exceptional blend of civilization dating from the time of Christ. The notion that Kuwaiti women have no rights is not factual. In the Muslim faith, women can freely own and keep properties (Ardisson 1998). It is also not mandatory for them to combine their wealth with those of their husbands. Therefore, women entrepreneurs are encouraged to invest in Kuwait. Moreover, there are well educated and independent women of Kuwaiti nationality in Kuwait. Discussions According to Ardisson (1998), perceptions of Americans towards the Arabs are based on historical biases and misconceptions. For instance, to an American a Kuwaiti national is a mere Arab. In some instances, an American will see a Kuwaiti national as a fundamental terrorist. This attitude towards the Arabs is based on stereotypes. Stereotypes influence people’s feelings and thoughts. For that reason, erroneous judgments about other people or their culture are made. According to Amnesty International (2012), Arabs and other Muslims face prejudices from the West. This fuels discrimination in employment and education. For that reason, Kuwaiti people, being predominantly Muslim, are likely to have a rough time in the USA or Europe.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Structures and Perceptions in Kuwait specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Accordingly, the US and most European countries must do more to curb these negative stereotypes. All cultures are not perfect. For that reason, we can learn a lot from other people’s culture. In addition, we should try to understand why people behave in a certain way before making our final judgment about them (Adler 1991). Consequently, we will be able to tolerate their way of life. Ignorance of other people’s culture is what leads to misconceptions.  To succeed abroad, managers must educate themselves on other people’s cultures. Multinationals should act as local companies. Therefore, managers must integrate their culture with the host’s culture. Cultural differences affect all business functions. For that reason, companies should always be ready to make cultural adjustments. For instance, employees may find it difficult to adjust to or accept foreign cultures. As a result, employees are distressed and demoralized. On top, a company undergoes losses due to reduced output. Social collision arises when a company fails to consider different cultures within its operating environment. Additionally, cross-cultural communication occurs when people from different cultures communicate (Adler 1991). Adler (1991) adds t hat cross-cultural miscommunication arises when there is a misunderstanding between communicators from different cultures. For that reason, the aim of the message is not realized. Cross-cultural miscommunication is prevalent in situations where there are too many differences between a sender’s culture and that of the receiver (Adler 1991). Conclusions To curb stereotypes, people should try to understand other people’s culture. As a result, it is easier to appreciate other people’s culture. After all, people tend to fear what they do not know. Additionally, a Kuwaiti national and a person from the US will use similar words to describe another Kuwaiti national. Furthermore, people must enjoy the uniqueness in their culture without any interference. Denying someone his cultural expression is tantamount to disallowing him his freedom. Finally, for businesses to succeed, there should tolerance and good communication between different cultures. Therefore, misperceptio ns can have a negative impact on the people and the local commercial environment of Kuwait.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Adler, N. J. 1999, International dimensions of organizational behavior, PWS-KENT Publishing Company, Boston.  Al-Shammari D n.d., Stereotypes about Kuwait. Web. Amnesty International 2012, Muslims discriminated against for demonstrating their faith. Web. Andriyenko, A. 2010, Is identity shaped by culture?. Web. Ardisson, S. 1998, An introduction to the Arab world: Stereotypes, misconceptions, and what is the Arab league? Web. Tessler, M. 2003, ‘Arab and Muslim political attitudes: Stereotypes and evidence from survey research’, International Studies Perspectives, vol. 4, pp.175–181. Web. This essay on Social Structures and Perceptions in Kuwait was written and submitted by user Johnny Harris to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The Yellow Wallpaper

In â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper†, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the main character describes herself as a little insane woman. In the beginning of the story, although she is suffering from a continuous nervous breakdown, her mental condition is not so serious and deep. She has a good family, nice house for the summer, and she has talent in writing. However, she is getting increasingly insane everyday that she lives in the bedroom with the yellow wallpaper and the bars on the windows. Then, why did she stay there? We can prove some of the reasons why the main character stayed so repressed throughout the summer retreat at the mansion: one - her oppressive husband, two – her exclusion from writing, and three - the struggle within herself. First, there is John, her oppressive husband. John keeps his cloak of control over her with his profession and his male dominance. In addition, he is seemingly the leading person in the marriage as a typical middle-class male was in the past. He tells her to rest and sleep and never truly listened to her; â€Å"Personally, I disagree with their idea. Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good. But what is one to do?†(p. 407). Even though she tries to discuss her feelings, his stern, reproachful looks and comments make her withdrawn, and her only choice becomes to go back to her bed. In addition, he also thinks what she says is just silly fantasies and illusion. She was almost imprisoned in her bedroom with the yellow paper. Moreover, she is not allowed to have visitors either. Specifically, his oppressive action pushes her deeper into madness. Secondly, she is not even allowed to work on her writing because of her oppressive husband; â€Å"There comes John, and I must put this away - he hates to have me write a word † (p.409). â€Å"So I take phosphates or phosphites – whichever it is, and tonics, and journeys, and air, and exercise, and am absolutely forbidden... Free Essays on The Yellow Wallpaper Free Essays on The Yellow Wallpaper In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman the unnamed protagonist is obsessed with the yellow wallpaper because it represents the insanity in her life that snowballs from post pardum depression to a serious nervous disorder. When we first learn of the protagonist, we find she suffers from post pardum depression, which her husband, a high ranking doctor, attempts to address by treating her with a â€Å"Rest-cure† (pg. 617) by placing her in a colonial mansion away from society. It is this location where she comes in contact with the yellow wallpaper. Automatically when the narrator views the yellow wallpaper of the room, she is appalled at the way it looks. She states she had never seen worse paper, and that it had â€Å"committed every artistic sin.† (pg. 618) We learn of her resentfulness of the wallpaper through writings in her journal. She is not allowed to visit her Cousin Henry or Julia, her husband is gone most of the day and she is not allowed to leave the room, which leads her to discuss the wallpaper, or in reality her portrait of herself. She talks of how horrid it is and a spot where there is a bump in the pattern that looks like a broken neck. This represents her dissatisfaction with her life. She cannot overcome the wretchedness of the paper because she cannot overcome her own problems. She believes the wallpaper looks at her â€Å"as if it knew what a vicious influence it had.† (pg. 620) This represents the tremendous impact the depression has on her life and her refusal to accept her inner chaos. Her simple hate of the wallpaper grows into a hallucination of images that emerge from it when she begins to realize her need for help. She begins to see â€Å"a strange, provoking, formless sort of figure.† (pg. 621) This shows that the narrator is inwardly analyzing herself as well as her illness and yet she still cannot come to terms with it. She says the wallpaper has no laws, and everything ... Free Essays on The Yellow Wallpaper The Yellow Wall Paper In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wall Paper†, by Charlotte Perkins, Jane and her husband move into a rental house for the summer. The room in which Jane stays has ugly yellow colored wallpaper. During the story Jane goes from being â€Å"sick†, to really becoming insane. Her insanity is shown through the images she sees in the wallpaper and her behavior toward them. At the beginning of the short story Jane is told that she is sick, and that she should not do any work or take part in any stressful activity. She is taking phosphates and tonics under her husband’s advice. Jane enjoys her writing, but is told not to continue. Throughout the story she continues to write, hiding the writings from her husband and only working when he is away. Her husband considers her condition to be temporary nervous depression, which is to be treated with lots of rest. She is told that she should not leave the room, which in actuality, only makes her true condition worse. As the story progresses Jane’s actions and thought patterns become stranger and stranger. Her hatred for the yellow wallpaper continues to grow and her husband still sees no point in removing in a three month rental. The longer she is enclosed in the yellow room the worse her condition becomes. Jane starts to see shapes of discoloration in the paper, and soon begins to see eyes staring back at her through the yellow covering. In her writings she comments on a smell that is believed to be coming from the walls, she decides that it must be the wallpaper. When the sun is just right she can see a formless sort of figure sulking behind the horrible walls. Jane notices that the walls change color, but no one else is able to see this. By now, halfway through the story, Jane has decided that the figure she keeps seeing has a form to it not unlike that of a woman. She also begins to fear John as her mental condition becomes worse. With one week l... Free Essays on The Yellow Wallpaper The Yellow Wallpaper, â€Å"Explanations of Insanity.† "The Yellow Wallpaper", written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, is a story of a woman, her psychological difficulties and her husband's so called therapeutic treatment of her aliments during the late 1800s. Gilman, who writes from her own personal experiences, is suffering from a â€Å"temporary depression.† She is having to face the overwhelming fact that this is a male dominated society and sometimes women suffer because of it. Gilman sets up the story to convey a certain opinion of the repercussions a woman faces in the care of a man. She states right from the beginning that "John is a physician, and perhaps(I would not say it to a living soul, of course, but this is dead paper and a great relief to my mind) perhaps that is the one reason I do not get well faster." (McMichael, George, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† page 667.) The story mentions that she has an older brother who is also a physician and concurs with her husbands theory, thus leaving her no choice but to subject herself to this torment of being totally alone in this room with the yellow wallpaper. The narrator with absolutely nothing else to do is reduced to staring endlessly at a pattern in a wallpaper, thus creating some image that she feels is necessary to find out. Perhaps to save her own sanity? Once the narrator determines that the image is in fact a woman struggling to become free, she somehow aligns herself with the woman. She continues to pursue this obsessive project of getting the woman out. Gilman is obviously putting her dilemmas along with the women stuck in the wallpaper into the same category. That would be the thought and feeling of being â€Å"trapped!† The narrator wants the women to be free of the paper just as bad as she wants to be looked at as a sane person as well as being allowed to read and write again without being scolded by her mentally and vocally abusive, overpowering husband... Free Essays on The Yellow Wallpaper Prior to the twentieth century, men assigned and defined women’s roles. Although all women were effected by men determining women’s behavior, largely middle class women suffered. Men perpetrated an ideological prison that subjected and silenced women. This ideology, called the Cult of True Womanhood, legitimized the victimization of women. The Cult of Domesticity and the Cult of Purity were the central tenets of the Cult of True Womanhood. Laboring under the seeming benevolence of the Cult of Domesticity, women were imprisoned in the home or private sphere, a servant tending to the needs of the family. Furthermore, the Cult of Purity obliged women to remain virtuous and pure even in marriage, with their comportment continuing to be one of modesty. Religious piety and submission were beliefs that were more peripheral components of the ideology, yet both were borne of and a part of the ideology of True Womanhood. These were the means that men used to insure the passi vity and docility of women. Religion would pacify any desires that could cause a deviation from these set standards, while submission implied a vulnerability and dependence on the patriarchal head (Welter 373-377). The medical profession’s godlike attitude in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† demonstrates this arrogance. The Rest cure that Dr. Weir Mitchell prescribed, which is mentioned in Gilman’s work, reflects men’s disparaging attitudes. His Rest cure calls for complete rest, coerced feeding and isolation. Mitchell, a neurosurgeon specializing in women’s nervous ailments, expounded upon his belief for women’s nervous conditions when he said, American woman is, to speak plainly, too often physically unfit for her duties as woman, and is perhaps of all civilized females the least qualified to undertake those weightier tasks which tax so heavily the nervous system of man. She is not fairly up to what nature asks from her as wife and mother. How will ... Free Essays on The Yellow Wallpaper In â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper†, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the main character describes herself as a little insane woman. In the beginning of the story, although she is suffering from a continuous nervous breakdown, her mental condition is not so serious and deep. She has a good family, nice house for the summer, and she has talent in writing. However, she is getting increasingly insane everyday that she lives in the bedroom with the yellow wallpaper and the bars on the windows. Then, why did she stay there? We can prove some of the reasons why the main character stayed so repressed throughout the summer retreat at the mansion: one - her oppressive husband, two – her exclusion from writing, and three - the struggle within herself. First, there is John, her oppressive husband. John keeps his cloak of control over her with his profession and his male dominance. In addition, he is seemingly the leading person in the marriage as a typical middle-class male was in the past. He tells her to rest and sleep and never truly listened to her; â€Å"Personally, I disagree with their idea. Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good. But what is one to do?†(p. 407). Even though she tries to discuss her feelings, his stern, reproachful looks and comments make her withdrawn, and her only choice becomes to go back to her bed. In addition, he also thinks what she says is just silly fantasies and illusion. She was almost imprisoned in her bedroom with the yellow paper. Moreover, she is not allowed to have visitors either. Specifically, his oppressive action pushes her deeper into madness. Secondly, she is not even allowed to work on her writing because of her oppressive husband; â€Å"There comes John, and I must put this away - he hates to have me write a word † (p.409). â€Å"So I take phosphates or phosphites – whichever it is, and tonics, and journeys, and air, and exercise, and am absolutely forbidden... Free Essays on The Yellow Wallpaper The Yellow Wall-Paper By: Charlotte Perkins Gilman In the story, The Yellow Wall-Paper by Perkins Gilman, the yellow wall paper symbolized the character and her marriage to her husband John. The character expressed herself through the wall paper. She reflected her life to the yellow wallpaper. She saw a woman trapped behind bars, crawling around the wallpaper fighting to free herself. Those bars resembled her husband. Throughout their marriage, she felt trapped. She always did what she was told by her husband. She was not allowed the write in her journal or even allowed to read. Her husband made all of her decisions for her because according to him, she was unable of making her own decisions. Everything he did was for her best. The yellow wallpaper intrigued the character so much that towards the ending, she became that woman in the wallpaper. She started to crawl around the floor and eventually crawled all over her husband. It seemed that when she crawled over her husband, she changed completely , she no longer was the obedient â€Å"little girl† that her husband loved. At the sight of her crawling, her husband fainted. The yellow wallpaper is a very important symbol in the story. It portrayed the character’s life. The character was trapped in her marriage just like the woman was trapped in the wallpaper. Both of them constantly tried to release themselves. The woman in the wallpaper consistently shook the pattern and the bars, while the character would try to talk to her husband and try to make him see that she is smart enough to make her own decisions. The bars from the wallpaper coincided with John. Those bars would not permit the woman from liberating herself. John would not permit his wife to become independent. He wanted her to need him to survive.... Free Essays on The Yellow Wallpaper Women’s Literature The Importance of Symbolism and Imagery In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Often times the best work of writing, be it a short story or an extensive novel, is one that examines an issue using a variety of literary techniques, such as symbolism and imagery. Charlotte Perkins Gilman did just that. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a short story in which a woman, who suffers from some sort of nervous condition, is basically confined to one room in a summer home while on any number of medications. Her husband doesn’t allow her to work and even forbids her from writing, which was a deprivation of the only outlet she truly had. Gilman uses various forms of symbolism and imagery throughout the novel that, as in most cases, can be interpreted in a variety of forms. One of the most significant examples of imagery and/or symbolism in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is actually the yellow wallpaper. It surrounds, in somewhat of an encompassing manner, the room occupied by Jane, the main character and narrator. Jane says at the beginning of the story â€Å"I never saw worse paper in my life. One of those sprawling flamboyant patterns committing every artistic sin† (Gilman 1135). The paper was stripped off in certain areas of the room and apparently its yellow color was more of a stain, while at the same time it possessed some type of bad odor. â€Å"It is the strangest yellow, that wallpaper! It makes me think of all the yellow things I ever saw- not beautiful ones like buttercups, but old, foul, bad yellow things† (Gilman 1141). To me, somebody with a sickness confined to one room for an extended amount of time should not feel this way about the room they are in. This ugly, almost evil wallpaper symbolizes a few different things. In her perception, the paper has eyes and exerts some sort of power over her. Hour after hour she lay in her bed, which is nailed to the floor, and tries to follow the pattern of the wallpape... Free Essays on The Yellow Wallpaper â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is an account of a mentally disturbed woman. The woman portrayed in this short story plays the role of a dominated, inferior lady who is not outspoken and willing to take a stand on behalf of her own well being. She does not realize she can have her own ideas and stand up for herself; this is her main problem in the story. By applying all the concepts of style, symbolism and time era Charlotte Perkins Gilman has conceived a well-written story. The time frame has a great importance to the overall story. The account does not just deal with a woman going insane but a woman’s standing in society in the late 1800’s. During the time in which Gilman’s piece was written, women were not often prominent figures in society. Men frequently dominated them, and it was rare to find a very outspoken female willing to stand up for her own well-being. It is a very disturbing look at how a man could have dominated a lady in the time frame in which the story was set. It exemplifies how woman were disregarded at times and treated like frail beings at others. All woman really needed was moral or emotional support to break free of a male dominated society. Throughout the story symbolism is a strong key point. The wallpaper has many symbolic examples in it. The pattern at one point in time start to look like bars and the woman behind them is constantly shaking them at night to escape. The key factor is that the woman is somehow freed from the bars during the day, yet trapped behind them at night. This is symbolic of her husbands not being home during the days, while he is working. During this time she is alone and free to be herself, without anyone’s rules to suppress her emotions. Because of this she does not feel the urgent need to escape. At night however when her husband returns home she is thrown back behind those imaginary bars that symbolize her feelings of control. In the ... Free Essays on The Yellow Wallpaper The majority of works written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman were written as â€Å"forceful statements of her opinions on women’s need for economic independence and social equality† (151). However, the one story that is considered her artistic masterpiece greatly deviates from her typical fiction. This story, entitled â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† is a not a feminist statement, but a true work of art; merely an artist using her talent. Current feminist critics have come up with a profusion of in-depth views and symbolism that have altered the way this work is read. After a careful rereading of The â€Å"Yellow Wallpaper,† it becomes clear that while this is a work of fiction, it is also laced with subliminal symbolism in the story’s setting and environments. When reading â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, a reader cannot miss noticing the importance of the setting in which the action takes place. The author’s intent is to focus the reader’s attention into the story in a gradual manner; in this way, the unusual events presented later on will produce a greater impression on the reader. In addition, setting is a strategy for the author to introduce symbols in the text, symbols that are not obvious to decipher at the first read. As an expert on symbolism in human culture, Carl Jung writes in Man and His Symbols: â€Å"Thus a word or an image is symbolic when it implies something more than it’s obvious and immediate meaning. It has a wider ‘unconscious’ aspect that is never precisely defined or fully explained† (Jung 20). These symbols represent Gilman’s view on the status of women in the patriarchal society of the nineteenth century. Views that were so shocking for those times that their direct unveiling may have led to strong criticism and perhaps the exclusion of publishing the story. This effect is created with a combination of several techniques. The most prominent and easiest to observe is the manipulation of setting. The story ...

The IOM Future of Nursing report related to the nursing workforce Essay

The IOM Future of Nursing report related to the nursing workforce - Essay Example Importance of the IOM â€Å"Future of Nursing† Report Nurses practice in various settings such as schools, retail health clinics, battlefields, public health centers, long-term care facilities, homes, and hospitals. They have differing levels of competencies and education in the entire nursing sector. The committee put into consideration nurses at all levels including their settings, education levels, and roles in an attempt to envision the profession’s future (Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, 2011). The Future of Nursing report is very important since it addresses some of issues facing nurses such as differing education and competency levels. Several barriers obstruct the nurses from responding effectively to the rapidly transforming health settings as well as the evolving health care system. The barriers have to be overcome to make sure that nurses are in a good position to advance health and lead change. Apart from seeking to remove these barriers, the report recommends the improvement of the nursing education system. This is because patients’ needs are becoming more sophisticated and thus, the nurses have to attain requisite competencies in order to deliver care that is of high quality (Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, 2011). ... Some of the main issues raised by the report are that nurses should practice to the greatest extent considering their training and eductaion; and that the education system that is in place to train nurses should be improved so as to encourage higher training and education of nurses for better servieces(Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, 2011). In this respect, the report recommends that varous boards, government bodies, accrediting societies and healthcare organizations should support nurses during their residency once they have successfully completed the prerequisite courses or when they are taking new areas related to clinical pratice. In addition, the report recommends that the proportion of nurses holding a baccalaureate degree should be inreased from 50% to 80% and the number of nurses with a doctorate dregree doubled by 2020 (Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, 2011). In order to achieve this goal, academic nurse leaders should join forces and partner with other organizations to establish a workforce that is responsive to the diverse healthcare needs of the population. Furthermore, the report notes that nurses should participate fully in redisigning the country’s health care. Yet again, the report notes that better information collection and infrustructure is valuable if effective policies have to be made and the workforce properly planned. The Intent of the Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action The Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action represents an exceptional initiative to tackle the elevated demands for care by using all the talents, experience, skills, and knowledge of nurses. The main aim of the Campaign for Action is to manage the implementation of the IOM landmark report recommendations. The campaign

How do authoritarianism and sultanism differ, and which type of Essay

How do authoritarianism and sultanism differ, and which type of authoritarianism defines Arab monarchies Give contemporary exam - Essay Example The whole of the twentieth century has gained importance in history for creating more authoritative regimes that include Hitler’s rule of Germany, Stalin’s regime in the then USSR, Pol Pot’s reign in Cambodia and Mao’s brutal rule in China, than for democratic transformations. It is easy to relate non-democratic regimes as historical and political anomalies in the twenty-first century, especially after the collapse of the communist USSR during the late 1980s and the dramatic revolution in the Middle East (also known as the Arab Spring of 2011); however, it would be overly optimistic to view non-democratic authoritative bodies as outdated. Such perspectives fail to take into account the possibilities that forcibly removing one authoritarian leader may simply lead to another one taking his/her place, or it may also lead to foreign invasion, or even a failed state. A study of literature showed that the breakdown of the USSR and the subsequent collapse of comm unism did not bring democracy to countries such as Uzbekistan, neither does the ousting of authoritative heads in Yemen, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt guarantee stable democracies in all these states. In this context, Way claimed that when the collapse of the USSR and the Arab Spring of 2011 are compared, it reveals the likelihood of the survival of authoritative regimes, ‘and that those [Arab] countries which do witness authoritarian collapse will be less likely to democratize than their European counterparts were’ (2011: 17). It is noteworthy that the Middle East has singularly remained steadfast in maintaining a non-democratic authoritative regime in power in the form of monarchy or sultanism. Sultanism is a type of  authoritarian regime, where  a ruler is present in all aspects of governance. Sultanism  is a term derived from the Arabic word sultan, which denotes an absolute monarch in Muslim societies. In the context of authoritative regimes, as seen in the Middle East and North Africa, Belling said: While the number of electoral democracies [in Middle East and North Africa] has nearly doubled since 1972, the number in this region has registered an absolute decline. Today, only two out of twenty-one countries qualify as electoral democracies, down from three observed in 1972. Stagnation is also evident in the guarantee of political rights and civil liberties. While the number of countries designated free by Freedom House has doubled in the Americas and in the Asia-Pacific region, increased tenfold in Africa, and risen exponentially in Central and East Europe over the past thirty years, there has been no overall improvement in the Middle East and North Africa. Aggregate scores in 2002 differ little from 1972. Fifteen countries are designated not free, five partly free, and only one free. While a few countries, notably Morocco, Jordan, Bahrain, and Yemen, have registered noteworthy progress toward political liberalization in the past decade, o verall the vast majority of countries has failed to catch the wave of democratization that has swept nearly every other part of the world (2004: 139). This essay will make a study of the available literature to find out the differences between authoritarianism and sultanism regimes, and the type of authoritarianism that defines Arab monarchies. Discussion Non-democratic regime in the general sense relates to the rule by a political body or a government in a manner that does not

Write about short fiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Write about short fiction - Essay Example In many ways, this adds to the subject of self-identity echoed by other writers as well. The story is written by Jhumpa Lahiri who is an Indian American author. She has been an experience writer from debut short story collection, Interpreter of Maladies and won the 2000 Pulitzer Fiction Prize. Her reputation and experience has not been hidden in her work of Hell-Heaven as a short story. Hell-Heaven talks about the struggles of living in the America with a Bengali culture. The struggle is shown in this short story from the characters Pranab Kaku and Usha. They both make decisions that make them prefer one culture over the other. Jhumpa Lahiri in her book Hell-Heaven explores geographies of intimacy and the manner in which various spaces control intimacies, re-form intergenerational intimacies and disrupt traditional narratives of intimacy. The author specifically focuses on second-generation immigrants of Bengali, detailing the unique challenges or experiences they encounter from a banished sense of the â€Å"familiar† intimacy of their motherland and the similar narratives of advances with which their fathers struggled. The woman in this short story is fundamentally responsible for depicting the boundaries of the old and new geographies of intimacy. This is a story that looks at simple human emotions like loneliness, jealousy, love and describes how various individuals change drastically over time due to geographical. The title is taken from this paragraph from the story Hell-Heaven: â€Å"He used to be so different. I don’t understand how a person can change so suddenly it’s just hel l-heaven† (p, 112). In Hell-Heaven, Pranab Chakraborty, is an MIT graduate student, Boston is considering returning to his motherland in Calcutta because of being homesickness. Through this thought, one can argue that despite the many privileges that these individuals in the Diaspora may have,

British Airways Analysing Financial And Non Financial Indicators Tourism Essay

British Airways Analysing Financial And Non Financial Indicators Tourism Essay British Airways is considered as one of the largest international airlines of United Kingdom. British airways Plc and many other subsidiaries companies make the whole British Airways group. Currently, British Airways(BA) covers more than 550 destinations. According to the data of the year 2008/09, more than 34 million passengers have travelled through British Airways. British airways main business operating hub location is Londons Heathrow airport which serves the company with large geographical area. British Airways is also listed in stock exchange of London.. (Company Information, n.d.).The following report will analyse and then evaluates both the indicators of the British Airways ie, financial as well as non-financial by making it compare with the performance of other company, which is Dubai based named as Emirates Airlines. Talking about Emirates Airlines, being launched in 1985 and since then shown the signs as of one of the fastest growing airlines of the worlds airline industr y. Currently, the company covers more than 100 different destinations throughout the world. (The Emirates Group, 2009). Further in the report the evaluation of the performance of both these companies is being done by using ratio analysis and there will also be discussion about the financial performance trend analysis of both the companies in the last few years. This report will also look at the managerial and non financial challenges faced by both of these companies using SWOT analysis, and then talking about the challenges and solutions for those challenges. The last section of this report will discuss and analyses the comment by John Rishton due to adoption of IFRS and also look at the differences between IFRS and US GAAP. Section B The following paragraphs will cover the changes and the financial pressures recently faced by the airline sector. According to keynote report, Factors like increase in the prices of oil during first half of 2008 which seriously affected the operating costs of airlines, then the impact of global recession made the condition even worse as affecting the number of passengers and thus decreased the demand for air travel globally. In response the different airlines companies have abandoned those routes which were unprofitable and also cut down the un-necessary costs. In such a difficult phase of the airline sector, the companies must understand that how its customers are rephrasing value and their reaction in the period of recession, instead of cutting down on the budget which they have planned for the market research. Now we will discuss specifically about the British airways and Emirates airlines, also will consider the different financial and managerial challenges that are faced by the above two companies. SWOT analysis is used as tool to clarify the difference between the both the airlines. SWOT analysis Strengths British airways made a strong brand identity as United Kingdoms leading airlines because of trust and loyalty being showed by its customers. Strong brand identity also brought advantages of economies of scale. There is being a new subsidiary launched by British airways named as, Open Skies, which offers only business class for the traffic between U.S and major European countries. British airways has got huge capacity for its air planes because of its main operating base hub ie, at Heathrow airport and With the proposed merger with Iberia, British airways is aiming to become second largest airline company after Air France of Europe. British airways offers different loyalty programmes for its customers as to make sure the again travel from their airlines only. On the other side Emirates airline has made its brand strong in the marketplace using different advertisements and many sponsorships. One of the main strengths of emirates airline is having its focus on diversified market and the entrance into the cargo shipping proved very beneficial for the company. Emirates airline has made its corporate culture by listening and identifying the needs of its customer. Emirates also has low cost, which is around 30% less than its European competitors. With the opening of emirates terminal 3 at Dubai international airport recently and the continuous ability to renew with improvement in the service gives the emirates airline the strength edge over its competitors. Tim Clark who is the president of emirates airline, stated that the past results of the airlines have exceeded above expectations despite of the increase in jet fuel prices for emirates airlines from US$1.68 upto US$2.78 per gallon by the end of the year. Weakness With the opening of new terminal 5 at Heathrow airport by the British airways, the company faced problems with training of staff, which led in flights being cancelled, complains of missing luggage. Moreover the rising fuel prices led to increase in ticket prices. The slowdown of both the UK and US economies has affected British Airways as the company has become very vulnerable to financial instability. The bankruptcies in the US banking sector decreased the number of premium booking passengers in British airways heavily. The route of Heathrow and New York is having huge traffic of passengers and forms an important part of British airways earning. Therefore, the drop in the bookings of premium class affected the profitability of the company. British airways also suffered from increased in non fuel costs like from staff and the landing charges. For emirates airlines, there is some weakness also associated with it, like it is not being successful in all of its diversification and approaches, which has emerged as a weakness of the company. Analysts have blamed the company for too much emphasizing on high end acquisitions and diversifications in spite of getting the type of results from such decisions. As U.S is a major market for the airline industry and emirates airline does not cater to many places in the U.S., which is also a weakness for the company. Opportunities If British airways will fully acquire the Iberia airlines with currently 13% share, then it will be in the list of the worlds biggest airlines having approximated combined stock market capitalisation worth of EUR 5.5 billion. There is an opportunity for the British airways to expand more in emerging markets like Middle East Region, India, and China. Another opportunity for British Airways is to now improve the operating conditions of its terminal 5 at Heathrow airport. The company should focus on minimum cost of travelling to fulfil customer needs. With the increase of fuel efficient aircrafts of British airways it can minimize the environmental damage, as protection of environment is emerged as an important issue throughout the world. The company should also see an interest of customers towards new places and develop new routes wherever possible. On the other hand for emirates airline the opportunity lies in which, it can use its well developed infrastructure business to go into the new emerging markets where internet adoption is not very well developed. Same as for the British airways, there is also an opportunity for emirates to introduce new routes by observing the interest of customers. As also Dubai and the middle-east region is more advancing for tourism and commercial purpose enables emirates airline to grow. Emirate airline does no pay income tax so this also gives a tax benefit to it. This saves around $250 million of money per year. Also due to close proximity of Dubai from Indian and Pakistan gives a chance to the airline to access hugely available cheap labour. The benefit of cheap labour in the emirates airline can be seen from the figure as from the total operating budget of the company, the cost of labour accounts upto 18% which is very less as compared to Lufthansa airline having 27% and united airlines with 2 9% of cost of labour. Threats The current threat to British airways is from current economic slowed down, increased fuel prices and weaker pound. The global recession has severely affected air transportation. The travel and tourism industry is moving towards including more green practices. There is pressure from European Union on all the airlines companies to limit carbon emissions Across EU. After the events of 11 September 2001, the security measures have been more tighten by the airline companies. There is also strong competition from low cost airlines, cruise and rail transport that constitutes a bigger share in travel market. Low cost carriers are increasingly looking for new routes for customers with affordable ticket price. Another matter of concern for British Airways is the trade union power. The trade union already did many strikes in august 2004 and 2005. Cost of fuel is also can be at risk as the political situation in Iraq is supporting the rise of oil prices, which will result in add up of another à ‚ £100 million to the cost of British Airways. Whereas, there is severe threat on emirates airlines also from its competitors naming Qatar airways and Etihad airways. Due to political instability in middle-east could lead to have a negative impact on emirate airline. Although the cargo commercial and passenger segments of emirates airlines have managed to achieve their targets, but increasing oil prices affected last quarter net income. As more desire of commodity trading affected oil prices due to brokers were not revealing the actual figure of shortage of raw material. 4 Challenges: There are some of the challenges still left out to be tackle by the BA at the time of developing its climate change programme. As the company operate in environment which is uncertain and political environment is just a part of whole environment but it gives challenges like of changing climate. BA has taken various initiatives to face solved these challenges right from developing in-depth understanding on how to face these challenges, keeping debate with government and asking for their cooperation. (British Airways SWOT Analysis, 2006). BA had to face many threats from competition besides the security threats like after the incidence of 9/11 terrorist attack, as its been considered as amongst the world most profit making airlines so for them to lead the industry the competition becomes more stiff for that they not only have to face threats like escalating fuel cost but also have to operate with low cost. BA has been helped by keymetric with 2006 transformational online programs to save nearly about 38 millions. Operating profit has gone down to 80 percent which shows sheer and utmost decrease due to the weak customer confidence and thus reducing the traffic volumes. Challenges are mainly face due to the so many cost which has become hot air balloon and going high, if busted will not beneficial for the company. The cost balloon include so many costs like right from fuel cost, employee cost, cost of engineering, landing fees and besides this, also includes more operations costs due to delay in shifting to terminal 5 like, cargo handling costs, trucking charges, cost of ground equipments, IT and strong euro rate etc. Whereas, Emirates airlines firstly penetrated the market by launching it s routes to the places in west Africa like in Nigeria and Ghana altogether. To sustain in to the market and feel the presence in these two countries there is also a challenge to be able to handle many multilingual issues and the problems with double byte sites. As emirates is present internationally, to manag e its data which is globally spread through internet, the company took the decision of spreading out SDL Tridions content for management solution. With such a decision enabled the Emirates, to cater to wider and variety of audience. As now the customers from all over the world can access to common information available to them. (Simon, 2007) Solution: Aviation industry requires huge sums of investment to operate and it adds risk to the return as well. The main money source of income for firms is shareholder. BA secures its position in the world aviation through focusing its aim towards its prospective shareholders and product betterment with handing cost efficiently. BA aims to achieve unique culture in airline by focussing towards customer and their requirements. BA believes that, differentiating their strategy from their competitors will bring the huge market. After being loosed the battle in to the business class which has been collapsed, after their position has been taken over by Silver Jet Airlines as a business class leader. But after this move in the aviation industry, British Airways took some good decisions like purchasing of Lavion Paris Airline, which was a quiet successful for BA. British Airways is always prepared to the change according to the environment and that alo shows in their course of planned action. BA has released the Terminal 5 which was going through good functioning with 6 million passengers (Marzouqi, N.D.). Emirates on the other hand, had find out a niche for itself as a route for success and not in the way of following others. Unlike BA, emirates was not very much affected by 9/11 incident and also with decline of profit levels, seat factors the company managers didnt shake and through their belief in their company and dedication took them out in such a crisis situation and thus, they were remained profitable. Whereas, other airlines were reducing and laying off their workforce so as to cut down the cost but, emirates didnt do this and their unique working paid off. (Sull, 2005)

Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale Essay example -- Atwood Handmaid

Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale In "The Handmaid's Tale", Margaret Atwood tells a saddening story about a not-to-distant future where toxic chemicals and abuses of the human body have resulted in many men and women alike becoming sterile. The main character, Offred, gives a first person encounter about her subservient life as a handmaid in the Republic of Gilead, a republic formed after a bloody coup against the United States government. She and her fellow handmaids are fertile women that the leaders of Gilead, the Commanders, enslave to ensure their power and the population of the Republic. While the laws governing women and others who are not in control of Gilead seem oppressive, outlandish and ridiculous, they are merely a caricature of past and present laws and traditions of Western civilization. "The Handmaid's Tale" is an accurate and feasible description of what society could be like if a strict and oppressive religious organization gained dominant power over the political system in the United States. Of course, one does not need to try to predict the future in order to get a picture of what life would be like if such a strict and oppressive religious organization obtained a stranglehold on our political system. The Holy Roman Empire and various kingdoms of the not-to-distant past, ruled by kings appointed by God through birthright, are packed with stories of poor treatment of those who oppose them and have a consistent theme for foul treatment of women. Few, if any, religious conquests were as gruesome and devastating as the Inquisition. Starting in the 13th century, monarchs from all around Europe, with approval from the Popes during their reigns, anointed inquisitors to track down a certain group of he... ...omen than men and more stories of women succeeding in business and government, one might think that society has evolved from the mediaeval, torturous times of the Inquisition. However, we mustn't forget that the Inquisition did not end until the early 19th century, and that most Western Civilizations did not make strides towards equal rights for women until the 20th century. "The Handmaid's Tale" is a shivering warning about the brutality that humans can enact upon each other, given the opportunity. Many of the religious sentiments expressed during the story are echoes of today's events. From the Inquisition to toxic waste dumps poisoning hundreds of people in a small town to abortion clinic bombings, some of the outrageous and unbelievable events of "The Handmaid's Tale" have already been taking place for centuries, but are hopefully not a omen of what is to come.